I. IN THE OLD TESTAMENT A. Introduction Yahweh had forbidden Israel all kinds of oracles in vogue among the pagans. If, for a time, he consented to reply by Urim and. In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a.
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Spiritualism - Wikipedia. By 1. 85. 3, when the popular song "Spirit Rappings" was published, spiritualism was an object of intense curiosity. Spiritualism is the belief that the spirits of the dead have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living.
The afterlife, or the "spirit world", is seen by spiritualists, not as a static place, but as one in which spirits continue to evolve. These two beliefs: that contact with spirits is possible, and that spirits are more advanced than humans, lead spiritualists to a third belief, that spirits are capable of providing useful knowledge about moral and ethical issues, as well as about the nature of God.
Some spiritualists will speak of a concept which they refer to as "spirit guides"—specific spirits, often contacted, who are relied upon for spiritual guidance.[1][2]Spiritism, a branch of spiritualism developed by Allan Kardec and today practiced mostly in Continental Europe and Latin America, especially in Brazil, emphasizes reincarnation.[3]Spiritualism developed and reached its peak growth in membership from the 1. English- speaking countries.[2][4] By 1. United States and Europe,[5] mostly drawn from the middle and upper classes. Spiritualism flourished for a half century without canonical texts or formal organization, attaining cohesion through periodicals, tours by trance lecturers, camp meetings, and the missionary activities of accomplished mediums. Many prominent spiritualists were women, and like most spiritualists, supported causes such as the abolition of slavery and women's suffrage.[2] By the late 1.
Spiritualism is currently practiced primarily through various denominational spiritualist churches in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Beliefs[edit]Although various spiritualist traditions have their own beliefs, known as "principles", there are some shared concepts: [citation needed]A belief that the soul continues to exist after the death of the physical body.
A belief in spirit communication. Even after death it is possible for the soul to learn and improve. A belief in a god, often referred to as "infinite intelligence"The natural world considered as an expression of said intelligence. Personal responsibility for life circumstances. Mediumship and spirits[edit]Spiritualists believe in the possibility of communication with the spirits of dead people, whom they regard as "discarnate humans". They believe that spirit mediums are gifted to carry on such communication, but that anyone may become a medium through study and practice.
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Author's name Title / PDF link / Citation link Reference; Burghardt, Walter J. Did Saint Ignatius of Antioch Know the Fourth Gospel? 1.1 (1940) 2-26. Spiritualism is the belief that the spirits of the dead have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living. The afterlife, or the "spirit world. Jesus Christ also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth, is a Jewish teacher and reformer of religion who has become the central figure of Christianity. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard.
They believe that spirits are capable of growth and perfection, progressing through higher spheres or planes, and that the afterlife is not a static state, but one in which spirits evolve. The two beliefs—that contact with spirits is possible, and that spirits may dwell on a higher plane—lead to a third belief, that spirits can provide knowledge about moral and ethical issues, as well as about God and the afterlife. Many believers therefore speak of "spirit guides"—specific spirits, often contacted, and relied upon for worldly and spiritual guidance.[1][2]According to spiritualists, anyone may receive spirit messages, but formal communication sessions (séances) are held by mediums, who claim thereby to receive information about the afterlife.[1]Comparisons with other religions[edit]Protestant Christianity. As spiritualism emerged in a Protestant Christian environment, it acquired features in common with Protestantism, ranging from its moral system to practices such as Sunday services and the singing of hymns. Nevertheless, on significant points Christian Protestantism and spiritualism are different. Spiritualists do not believe that the works or faith of a mortal during a brief lifetime can serve as a basis for assigning a soul to an eternity of Heaven or Hell; they view the afterlife as containing hierarchical "spheres," through which each spirit can progress. Spiritualists differ from Protestant Christians in that the Judeo- Christian Bible is not the primary source from which they derive knowledge of God and the afterlife: for them, their personal contacts with spirits provide that.[1][2]There are quite a number of spiritualist churches which are explicitly Christian in theology, forms of worship and praise, and liturgical orientation.
Among these Christian spiritualist groups are the historically African American denominations collectively known as the "Spiritual Church Movement", a group which includes multi- church organizations such as the Metropolitan Spiritual Churches of Christ,[6] and Pentecostal Spiritual Assemblies of Christ International.[7]Judaism. It is held by some adherents of the Jewish religion that spiritualism is strictly forbidden by the Bible (Tanakh). In Leviticus, one of the books concerning God's laws to Moses, it is written that God says: "I will set my face against the person who turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute himself by following them, and I will cut him off from his people." (Leviticus 2. However, among Jews who are inclined toward spiritualism it is common to refer to trance mediumship as "prophecy," a "vision," or a "dream," and to cite as a counter- text the verse from Numbers 1. God says, "Hear my words: If there be among you a prophet of the Lord, I will appear to him in a vision, or I will speak to him in a dream." [8]Islam.
Within Islam, only rarely do some traditions - notably Sufism, consider communication with human spirits possible.[9] Most Muslims deem it impossible. Despite this, the majority of the followers of Islam believe in the existence of spirits as a fundamental aspect of their religion. However, these spirits are not those of humans but of a third sapient creation said to be made by God (other than the creation of man and angels) called the jinn. Jinn are spirits made from smokeless fire, in a realm not visible to the eyes of people, who are also subject to follow the laws of God and, alike to people, may enter either Heaven or Hell. A famous jinn in the Muslim tradition is Satan, as opposed to the Christian belief that he is a fallen angel. Communication with these 'spirits', whether the spirit is good or evil in nature, is generally not encouraged in Islam.
Additionally, the concept of Tawassul recognises the existence of good spirits on a higher plane of existence closer to God, and thus people may ask something from God through their virtue. Spiritism. Spiritism, the branch of spiritualism developed by Allan Kardec and today found mostly in Brazil, has emphasised reincarnation. According to Arthur Conan Doyle, most British spiritualists of the early 2. Thus, according to Doyle, it was the empirical bent of Anglophone spiritualism—its effort to develop religious views from observation of phenomena—that kept spiritualists of this period from embracing reincarnation.[1. Occultism. Spiritualism also differs from occult movements, such as the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn or the contemporary wiccan covens, in that spirits are not contacted to obtain magical powers (with the exception of power for healing). Eliphas Lévi, who is regarded as the founder of occultism, strongly rejected Spiritism and paved the way for a lasting rivalry between occultists and spiritualists.[1.
Later on, Madame Blavatsky (1. Theosophical Society, only practiced mediumship to contact powerful spirits capable of conferring esoteric knowledge. Blavatsky did not believe these spirits were deceased humans, and held beliefs in reincarnation different from the views of most spiritualists.[2] Spiritualists at that time viewed theosophy as unscientific and both occultist and cult- like. Theosophists viewed spiritualism as unsophisticated and uncosmopolitan.[1. Origins[edit]Spiritualism first appeared in the 1.
Burned- over District" of upstate New York, where earlier religious movements such as Millerism and Mormonism had emerged during the Second Great Awakening.